Accusative Case (Табыш): -ны

In Kyrgyz, Табыш жөндөмө marks the direct object of an action — the thing that the action is directed at. It answers the questions Кимди? Эмнени? (Whom? What?).

The name "Табыш" comes from the verb табуу (to find), which hints at its function — pointing to what is "found" or reached as a result of the action.

🧠 Logic

The accusative case is used to show:

1. Direct object of an action — What/Whom?

   • Мен китепти окудум — I read the book
   • Ал досун көрдү — He saw his friend

2. A definite object — That specific one!

   • Ал машинаны сат — Sell that car (a specific one)
   • Бул китепти ал — Take this book

🧮 Formula

Stem + suffix -ны-ни-ну-нү

Suffix choice depends on vowel harmony:

After consonants

After consonants the initial "н" changes according to assimilation rules:

💡 Examples

Direct object

• Мен тамакты жедим. — I ate the food.
• Ал китепти окуп жатат. — He is reading the book.
• Биз үйдү курдук. — We built the house.
• Сен эмнени издеп жатасың? — What are you looking for?

With people

• Мен досумду көрдүм. — I saw my friend.
• Ал апасын сагынды. — He missed his mother.
• Балдарды чакыр. — Call the children.
• Мугалимди күт. — Wait for the teacher.

With pronouns

Examples:

• Мени укпайсыңбы? — Can't you hear me?
• Сени издеп жүрөм. — I'm looking for you.
• Аны тааныбайм. — I don't know him/her.

⚠️ Important Details

1. When the Accusative Is NOT Used

In Kyrgyz the accusative marks definiteness. If the object is indefinite or generic, the case suffix is not used:

With suffix (definite object):

• Мен китепти окудум — I read the book (that specific one)
• Машинаны жуу — Wash the car (our car)

Without suffix (indefinite object):

• Мен китеп окудум — I was reading a book (any book, in general)
• Унаа жуу — Wash a car (any one)

This is similar to English "the book" vs "a book".

2. Accusative + 3rd Person Possessive Suffixes

When a word already has a possessive suffix for 3rd person (-сы/-си/-су/-сү), the accusative changes form — simply add -н:

For 1st and 2nd person possessives the regular accusative suffix remains:

• досумду — my friend (obj.)
• атаңды — your father (obj.)
• үйүбүздү — our house (obj.)

3. Question Words

• Эмнени? — What? (accusative of "эмне")
• Кимди? — Whom? (accusative of "ким")
• Кайсынысын? — Which one of them?

4. The "Love doing" Construction

The construction -ганды жакшы көрөм uses the accusative of a participle:

• Китеп окуганды жакшы көрөм — I love reading books
• Музыка укканды жакшы көрөм — I love listening to music

5. The "Know how to" Construction

The construction -ганды билем also uses the accusative:

• Сүзгөндү билем — I know how to swim
• Бийлегенди билесиңби? — Do you know how to dance?

6. Don't Confuse with the Genitive

Don't mix up accusative (-ны/-ды/-ты) with genitive (-нын/-дын/-тын):

• Атаны көрдүм — I saw my father (accusative, direct object)
• Атанын унаасы — Father's car (genitive, possession)

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See also:

• Overview of the 6 Cases — the full picture of the case system
• Love/Hate Doing — construction using the accusative
• Know How To — "know how to do"
• Vowel Harmony — rules for choosing vowels
• Sound Assimilation — choosing the consonant (н/д/т)